Chemical Composition

Phyto-chemical composition The seeds contain about 62% pale yellow non-drying oil, 30% proteins and about 8% of biologically active cardiac glycosides the later are responsible for the toxicity associated with T. peruviana. The oil hydrolyses to give 64% oleic, 6.3% linoleic, 17% palmitic, 11.8% stearic and 0.4% arachidonic acids. The oil has a density of 0.9108, refractive index of 1.0682 at 210C, acid value of 0.6, saponification value of 191, esterification value of, 190 and an iodine value of 73 (Calle, 1981). The n-hexane oil extract is free from the cardio-active glycosides and had been recommended as a suitable replacement for peanut and almond oils (Quilichini &Bertucat, 1957). The oil is also suitable for industrial applications in bio-diesel manufacture and soaps, (Dibakar et al., 2011 and Kareru et al., 2010). The pant have significant place in traditional system of medicine in Central, South America and tropical Asia. Secondary metabollites contained in T.peruviana including, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins have reported pharmaceutical activities, (Tabrez A. et al., 2017). The following steroidal (cardiac) glycosides have been isolated from the seed kernels, thevetin A, thevetin B, peruvoside and nerifolin. Peruvoside is the most important as it is already used in Germany as a cardiotonic drug, (Arora & Rangaswami, 1972, Seitz & Ripphahn, 1976). Eighteen amino acids including essential and non-essential amino acids have been isolated from the leaves from Indian cultivars of T. peruviana. The amino acids include glutamic acid, leucine, glycine, isoluecine which are predominant over arginine, valine, alanine, proline, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, cysteine, lysine, serine, tyrosine, hystidine, threonine, methionine and tryptophan (Jain and Yadav 1991). The crude protein content of the defatted and de-toxified seed cake is about 66% third to soya 70% and sesame 68% (Odhiambo, 2005). A nutritional study on the seed cake revealed that that